publications

The study examines the exclusion of older people using a multidimensional ap-
proach to understand the different domains of exclusion. Particularly, it evaluates

the risk factors of old-age social exclusion, focusing on the level of exclusion across

three domains such as social relations, economic and material resources, and so-
cial activities, as well as the total exclusion score. Using secondary data from the

Building Knowledge Base on Population Ageing in India (BKPAI) survey, the study

employed bivariate descriptive and multinomial logistic regression models to as-
sess the factors that affect social exclusion for all three domains, as well as the

total exclusion score. Results for the total social exclusion score reveal that older
people in their later ages, women, from rural areas, without schooling, living alone,

without work, and having poor physical health, experienced a severe risk of exclu-
sion. Notably, older people at later ages (70+) from rural areas without schooling

experienced both moderate and severe exclusion in all the domains, as well as in the
total exclusion score. While analysing exclusion across all three domains, the study
found that older people were most at risk of exclusion in the domains of economic
and material resources, followed by the domain of social relations. Thus, ageing
policies should consider these micro-level risk factors associated with these two
domains to combat the exclusion and improve their quality of life.