Dr. Thirunaukarasu Subramaniam obtained his PhD in Economics from Universiti Putra Malaysia in 2008, He obtained his Masters of Commerce (Economics) from University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia in 1997. Currently, he is working as Associate Professor at the Department of Southeast Asian Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. His research areas are concentrated mainly in Labour Economics and Development Economics. In 2014, Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education awarded him a two-year post-doctoral scholarship to do research at the University of Warwick, United Kingdom.